Fig. 10

Analysis of monocyte subsets and activation. (a) Gating strategy applied to identify monocyte cell subsets, in the gate CD14+, and based on the expression of CD16 and CD14. (b) Percentage of classical (CD14hi CD16-), intermediate (CD14+ CD16+), non-classical (CD14dim CD16+) monocytes. (c) Intracellular expression of TNF-α, and IL-6 in monocytes after LPS stimulation for 5.5 h. (d) Percentage of expression of HLA-DQ, HLA-DM, HLA-DR, and CD86 on monocytes. Analyses were performed in PBMC from young (circles) and elderly (triangles) donors, control (white symbols) and TBI patients (black symbols). (e) Percentage of HLA-DM, and (f) of CD86 on monocytes are also shown separating patients according to injury severity assessed by GCS score. (g) In young TBI patients, the injury severity (GCS score) was correlated (Spearman correlation) with the percentage of HLA-DM. (h) In elderly TBI patients, the injury severity (GCS score) and (i) the 6-month outcome (GOSE value) were correlated (Spearman correlation) with the percentage of CD86. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 TBI vs. control aged-matched subjects