Figure 2From: The interaction between gut microbiota and age-related changes in immune function and inflammationThe two-hit model in experimental colitis. Alteration of the microbiota leads to the activation of DCs which produce IL-6 (first hit). In turn, IL-6 activates T0 cells which differentiate into Th1 cells and Th17 cells, respectively. This polarization of the immune response generates production of inflammatory cytokines (second hit).Back to article page