Figure 8

Homeostasis is preserved and there are no differences between men and women in the outcome of the immune response when the pathways of the gender specific cytokines (IFNγ and IL6) still normally work. The relevance of the gender specific differences in the regulation of the immune response is underlined by the evidence that homeostasis is preserved and there are no differences between men and women in the outcome of this response when the pathways of the gender specific cytokines (IFNγ and IL6) still normally work. It has been shown that the variations between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines could influence the success of the immune response. The most relevant discover, however, for the definition of suitable prognostic biomarkers, is the identification of “double prognostic biomarkers”: they are constituted by couple of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines that differ between men and women and assure the success of the immune response varying in appropriate relationship each other and following different pathways in each gender.