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Table 3 Lymphocyte distribution at basal state (T 0 ) and after supplementation with 13-cis-retinoic acid (T 1 )

From: Neutrophils are immune cells preferentially targeted by retinoic acid in elderly subjects

 

Young adults

Elderly

 
 

T0

T1

T0

T1

ANOVA

T Lymphocytes

  

±

  

109/L

1.56 ± 0.14

1.35 ± 0.09

0.99 ± 0.09

1.47 ± 0.45

-

%

68.1 ± 1.6

69.2 ± 1.3

64.7 ± 2.1

67.4 ± 1.7

-

B Lymphocytes

     

109/L

0.29 ± 0.04

0.26 ± 0.03

0.16 ± 0.02

0.22 ± 0.04

A

%

11.9 ± 0.9

12.6 ± 1.0

9.9 ± 0.8

11.2 ± 0.9

-

NK Lymphocytes

     

109/L

0.48 ± 0.06

0.33 ± 0.04

0.34 ± 0.04

0.38 ± 0.06

-

%

18.9 ± 1.8

15.8 ± 1.5

23.1 ± 22

21.0 ± 1.8

A

  1. X ± SEM; n = 20 subjects per group. Lymphocytes are expressed both as percentages of the total lymphocyte number and as absolute values. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to discriminate among the effects of age (A; p < 0.05), nutritional treatment (N; p < 0.05) and their interaction (I; p < 0.05).
  2. As no significant interaction was found, comparison of marginal means was carried out, which indicated a significant effect of age on the absolute number (in 109/L) of B lymphocytes (young: 0.276 ± 0.032 vs elderly: 0.186 ± 0.032) and on percentage of NK lymphocytes (young: 17.35 ± 1.69 vs elderly: 22.08 ± 1.97).