Figure 2
Abnormalities on AD platelets. Some membrane (secretases, phospholipases), cytosolic (monoamine oxidase, ciclooxigenases) and mithocondrial activities (nitric oxide synthase, sodium potassium ATPase pump) are compromised in AD platelets. Alterations are evident in the APP processing itself, membrane fluidity and cholesterol levels; in serotonin levels/uptake and intracellular Ca2+ levels; in nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production. Abbreviations: PLCδ, phospholipase C δ; β, β-secretase; α, α-secretase; γ-secretase complex; APP forms, amyloid precursor protein forms; CaM, calmodulin; chl, cholesterol; MAO-B, monoamino-oxidase B; PLA2, phosholipase A2; COX-1, ciclooxigenase-1, COX-2, ciclooxigenase-2; 5HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NO nitric oxide; O2- superoxide anion; ONOO- peroxynitrite; Na+/K + −ATPase, sodium potassium ATPase pump; Ca2+, calcium.