From: Immune correlates of aging in outdoor-housed captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Category cytokine | All animals | Mean concentration ± st. dev. (pg/ml) | P b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation coefficient ( r )a | P | Younger group (2–9 years) | Middle group (10–17 years) | Older group (18–24 years) | ||
Pro-inflammatory / Th1 induction: | ||||||
IFN-γ | 0.2569 | 0.0085 | 27.29 ± 24.40 | 26.59 ± 24.09 | 59.99 ± 107.04 | n.s.c |
IL-1β | 0.2704 | 0.0055 | 10.06 ± 14.18 | 10.19 ± 15.57 | 16.67 ± 18.18 | 0.0457 |
IL-6 | 0.2163 | 0.0290 | 2.89 ± 3.69 | 3.42 ± 3.94 | 6.18 ± 11.31 | n.s. |
IL-12/IL-23 (p40) | 0.3004 | 0.0019 | 240.91 ± 335.77 | 245.70 ± 339.13 | 443.50 ± 564.21 | 0.0492 |
IL-15 | 0.2792 | 0.0045 | 11.25 ± 9.05 | 11.55 ± 8.80 | 16.05 ± 13.57 | n.s. |
IL-17 | 0.0281 | n.s. | 2.81 ± 5.72 | 2.15 ± 5.20 | 2.97 ± 12.88 | n.s. |
MIF | 0.5151 | 0.0036 | 130.19 ± 61.89 | 371.06 ± 293.29 | 624.15 ± 598.64 | n.s. |
sCD40L | 0.3621 | 0.0016 | 2,731.76 ± 4,072.20 | 2,644.32 ± 3,646.08 | 5,874.23 ± 4,435.26 | 0.0025 |
TNF-α | 0.3407 | 0.0004 | 28.40 ± 35.51 | 30.71 ± 42.78 | 62.28 ± 62.43 | 0.0376 |
Chemokines: | ||||||
Eotaxin (CCL11) | 0.1865 | n.s. | 441.49 ± 92.46 | 738.88 ± 345.51 | 635.78 ± 370.24 | n.s. |
IL-8 (CXCL8) | 0.2165 | 0.0280 | 1,273.54 ± 2,115.97 | 1,538.39 ± 2,287.07 | 3,970.65 ± 7,165.05 | 0.0345 |
I-TAC (CXCL11) | −0.0762 | n.s. | 111.86 ± 241.19 | 140.35 ± 198.89 | 92.71 ± 116.12 | n.s. |
MCP-1 (CCL2) | 0.2644 | 0.0067 | 318.35 ± 176.44 | 338.75 ± 236.98 | 400.60 ± 190.78 | 0.0270 |
MDC (CCL22) | 0.1279 | n.s. | 934.06 ± 626.64 | 1,657.17 ± 729.31 | 1,220.65 ± 1,113.48 | n.s. |
MIG (CXCL9) | −0.4799 | 0.0073 | 112.82 ± 24.23 | 120.31 ± 22.89 | 83.66 ± 13.81 | 0.0019 |
MIP-1α (CCL3L1) | 0.2877 | 0.0031 | 23.64 ± 20.58 | 25.07 ± 22.63 | 36.69 ± 33.56 | 0.0466 |
MIP-1β (CCL4) | 0.0786 | 0.0108 | 19.84 ± 19.56 | 15.33 ± 15.74 | 24.78 ± 37.63 | n.s. |
RANTES (CCL5) | 0.2065 | n.s. | 16,617.28 ± 8,693.23 | 43,928.17 ± 61,521.00 | 38,343.38 ± 56,904.69 | n.s. |
Growth factors: | ||||||
EGF | 0.6582 | < 0.0001 | 33.80 ± 6.86 | 85.33 ± 126.15 | 321.85 ± 148.42 | <0.0001 |
FGF-basic | 0.4038 | 0.0269 | 13.24 ± 2.59 | 13.85 ± 2.14 | 20.05 ± 8.54 | n.s. |
G-CSF | 0.3179 | 0.0011 | 73.69 ± 94.41 | 77.18 ± 94.45 | 115.94 ± 111.56 | 0.0258 |
GM-CSF | 0.0162 | n.s. | 83.77 ± 247.97 | 93.94 ± 273.92 | 74.80 ± 210.17 | n.s. |
HGF | 0.1149 | n.s. | 107.24 ± 23.63 | 148.00 ± 73.14 | 136.17 ± 107.81 | n.s. |
IL-2 | 0.4062 | < 0.0001 | 75.93 ± 84.58 | 87.88 ± 72.09 | 162.49 ± 131.83 | 0.0004 |
TGF-α | 0.2533 | 0.0318 | 9.28 ± 7.64 | 7.50 ± 6.30 | 13.75 ± 8.05 | 0.0258 |
TGF-β1 | 0.1896 | n.s. | 17,577.10 ± 7,978.62 | 16,257.61 ± 7,884.94 | 22,025.53 ± 8,156.91 | n.s. |
TGF-β2 | 0.1043 | n.s. | 2,252.57 ± 1,121.62 | 2,113.75 ± 1,141.93 | 2,493.74 ± 847.81 | n.s. |
TGF-β3 | −0.3218 | 0.0457 | 27.66 ± 13.09 | 17.57 ± 9.15 | 19.46 ± 9.79 | n.s. |
VEGF | 0.0380 | n.s. | 91.90 ± 164.42 | 77.34 ± 158.25 | 105.50 ± 169.99 | n.s. |
Anti-inflammatory / B cell and Th2 induction: | ||||||
IL-1ra | 0.3533 | 0.0002 | 195.35 ± 393.17 | 212.41 ± 352.53 | 466.24 ± 559.77 | 0.0126 |
IL-4 | 0.3496 | 0.0003 | 73.18 ± 144.16 | 86.82 ± 157.78 | 170.45 ± 197.72 | 0.0120 |
IL-5 | −0.3003 | 0.0022 | 4.45 ± 5.63 | 3.28 ± 4.46 | 1.51 ± 2.37 | 0.0021 |
IL-10 | 0.1017 | n.s. | 4.60 ± 4.33 | 5.73 ± 9.92 | 6.35 ± 9.52 | n.s. |
IL-13 | 0.2172 | n.s. | 2.37 ± 1.96 | 3.76 ± 4.62 | 4.05 ± 6.28 | n.s. |