Table 1 The research application of the most common invertebrate models used for AD
From: Simple model systems: a challenge for Alzheimer's disease
ANIMAL MODEL | COMMON NAME | RESEARCH APPLICATION |
|---|---|---|
Caenorhabditis elegans | Roundworm | Localization of amyloid deposit Effect of aging on the size of amyloid plaques Aβ toxicity and behaviour correlation Effect of dietary deprivation in AD |
Danio rerio | Zebrafish | Studies on NTF and amyloid plaques Toxicity of Aβ peptide Mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes Drug screening |
Drosophila melanogaster | Fruit fly | Assessment of modulators of BACE1 or APP metabolism Localization of Aβ peptide Role of tau protein in AD |
Ciona intestinalis | Ascidian | APP processing Study on familial AD Drug screening |
Paracentrotus lividus | Rock sea urchin | Relationship between different Aβ aggregation forms and toxicity Different activation of Apoptotic pathways |
Sphaerechinus granularis | Violet sea urchin | Neuroprotective effect of neurotransmitters Developmental abnormalities due to Aβ peptide administration |