Figure 2

TNF-α, IFN-γ and GM-CSF levels. A While TNF-α was significantly decreased in young patients after trauma and surgery, the old patients showed a reduction only after surgery compared to the healthy control respectively (p < 0.05, ANOVA on ranks). B In contrast IFN-γ concentrations were significantly reduced in old patients after trauma and surgery while no changes could be detected in young patients compared to healthy controls respectively (p < 0.05, Anova on ranks). C Young patients experienced an immediate increase of GM-CSF levels after trauma. This was not observed in old patients (p < 0.05, ANOVA on ranks).