Figure 5

Cytokine production by T lymphocytes in hip fracture patients. (a) The Th1 (IFNγ^+ve) / Th2 (IL4^+ve) ratio, or (b) the percentage of IL17^+ve CD4 T cells in healthy controls, n = 16; hip fracture patients without depression (HF), n = 21; and hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms (HF + D), n = 21. The solid bar represents the mean value. (c) Representative flow cytometry plots showing frequency of IL6^+ve CD4 (upper panel) and TNFα^+ve T cells (lower panel) in a healthy control, hip fracture and a hip fracture patient with depressive symptoms. (d) The percentage of IL6^+ve CD4 T cells or (e) TNFα^+ve T cells in healthy controls, n = 16; hip fracture patients without depression (HF), n = 23; and hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms (HF + D), n = 22. The solid bar represents the mean value. The solid bar represents the mean value. *p < .05 and **p < .01.