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Table 4 Association between total neopterin and metabolic syndrome (MetS)1 and its components

From: Cellular immune activity biomarker neopterin is associated hyperlipidemia: results from a large population-based study

MetS components

Total Neopterin, nmol/L, Men

T12

T22

T32

Per 10 nmol/L

Normal

Abnormal

OR4

Normal

Abnormal

OR4

95 % CI

Normal

Abnormal

OR4

95 % CI

OR4

95 % CI

P trend

Waist circumference ≥94 cm in men

52

37

1.00

39

51

2.00

(1.00,

3.99)

31

49

2.12

(1.01,

4.42)

1.64

(0.99,

2.73)

0.05

Triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L

77

22

1.00

67

22

1.21

(0.57,

2.56)

58

22

1.14

(0.52,

2.50)

1.08

(0.64,

1.84)

0.77

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ,<1.03 in men

90

9

1.00

69

21

2.75

(1.13,

6.70)

56

24

3.71

(1.48,

9.32)

2.22

(1.24,

3.97)

0.01

Systolic blood pressure ≥130 or diastolic ≥85 mmHg or diagnosis for hypertension

49

50

1.00

50

40

0.93

(0.43,

2.04)

37

43

0.82

(0.34,

1.95)

0.87

(0.48,

1.59)

0.65

HbA1c ≥5.7 % or self-reported ever physician diagnosed diabetes

69

30

1.00

53

37

1.62

(0.83,

3.15)

50

30

1.47

(0.72,

3.01)

1.28

(0.79,

2.08)

0.32

Any three of the above

86

13

1.00

73

18

2.02

(0.95,

4.30)

61

19

1.82

(0.83,

3.99)

1.42

(0.85,

2.39)

0.18

MetS components

Total Neopterin, nmol/L, Women

T12

T22

T32

Per 10 nmol/L

 

Normal

Abnormal

OR4

Normal

Abnormal

OR4

95 % CI

 

Normal

Abnormal

OR4

95 % CI

 

OR4

95 % CI

 

P trend

Waist circumference ≥80 cm in women3

68

51

1.00

49

57

1.48

(0.83,

2.61)

44

50

1.27

(0.70,

2.31)

1.21

(0.76,

1.94)

0.43

Triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L

104

17

1.00

90

15

0.97

(0.43,

2.16)

80

15

0.87

(0.38,

2.00)

0.89

(0.46,

1.73)

0.74

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, <1.29 mmol/L in women

102

19

1.00

72

34

2.90

(1.48,

5.70)

58

37

4.05

(2.04,

8.03)

2.82

(1.68,

4.73)

<0.01

Systolic blood pressure ≥130 or diastolic ≥85 mmHg or diagnosis for hypertension

73

50

1.00

64

42

0.80

(0.43,

1.51)

60

35

0.66

(0.33,

1.30)

0.72

(0.42,

1.23)

0.22

HbA1c ≥5.7 % or self-reported ever physician diagnosed diabetes

90

30

1.00

80

24

0.90

(0.46,

1.74)

70

25

1.08

(0.55,

2.10)

1.06

(0.62,

1.81)

0.83

Any three of the above

109

14

1.00

90

16

1.43

(0.71,

2.91)

77

18

1.53

(0.74,

3.16)

1.38

(0.79,

2.43)

0.26

  1. 1.Metabolic syndrome is defined based on the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Analysis is based on an alternate MetS definition modified to include HbA1C instead of glucose as a marker for impaired glucose metabolism (22)
  2. 2.Tertile 1 (T1, nmol/L): ≤17.20 for men and ≤16.30 for women; tertile 2 (T2): 17.20-22.60 for men and 16.30-21.90 for women; tertile 3 (T3): >22.60 for men and >21.90 for women. Medians (nmol/L): 13.70 for men and 14.18 for women in T1, 19.60 for men and 19.65 for women in T2, and 28.20 for men and 26.80 for women in T3
  3. 3.Recent American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines for metabolic syndrome recognize an increased risk for CVD and diabetes at waist-circumference thresholds of ≥94 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women and identify these as optional cut points for individuals or populations with increased insulin resistance (22)
  4. 4.ORs were adjusted for age at blood collection (years), sex, country, education (none or primary school completed, technical or professional school, secondary school, above secondary school, and not specified), smoking status (never, former, current, and unknown), and physical activity (low, medium, high, very high, missing)
  5. Abbreviations: MetS metabolic syndrome, T tertile, OR odds ratio