Fig. 5

Distribution of circulating lymphocyte subsets. Violin Plots show distribution of different cells types in individuals with a history of Metformin, NSAIDS or Statin use (1 on the X-axis) compared with individuals who have no history of use of these prescription drugs (0 on the X-axis). The red dots in the middle of the plot show median results, which are also shown by numbers on top of the plots. Red lines indicate interquartile ranges. Pair-wise differences between the cohorts were performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test. Significant differences between the two cohorts are indicated by stars above the plots. * p-values were as follows: Metformin users vs. non-users: CD8⁺ T-cells at baseline: p-value = 0.04; CD8⁺ T-cells at 1 week after TIV: p-value = 0.01. NSAIDs users compared to non-users: memory B-cells at 1 week after TIV: p-value = 0.0004); γ-δ T-cells at baseline (p-value = 0.03). Statin users vs. non-users: Regulatory T-cells at baseline: p-value = 0.02; regulatory T-cells at 1 week after TIV: p-value = 0.04