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Table 3 Percent impact of 5-year lifestyle on 5-year suPAR

From: Healthy lifestyles reduce suPAR and mortality in a Danish general population study

 

5-year follow-up

 

Model 1

Model 2

 

% more suPAR5

95% CI

% more suPAR5

95% CI

Demographics

 Age, men (per 5 years)

2.9***

(2.0–3.8)

3.1***

(2.3–4.0)

 Age, women (per 5 years)

0.2

(−0.6–1.1)

0.7

(−0.09–1.6)

 Female sex (vs. male sex)

6.9***

(4.8–9.0)

8.0***

(5.9–10.2)

Lifestyle

 Diet (vs. healthy)

  Unhealthy

11.3***

(7.2–15.5)

5.9**

(2.0–10.0)

  Average

3.8**

(1.5–6.1)

1.9

(−0.3–4.2)

Smoking baseline➔5-years

(vs. never➔never)

 Daily

  ➔Daily

18.8***

(15.7–21.9)

17.6***

(14.5–20.8)

  ➔Occasional

3.1

(−5.8–12.9)

4.3

(−4.8–14.1)

  ➔Quit

−3.1

(−6.6–0.5)

−3.0

(−6.5–0.7)

 Never/former/occasional

  ➔Daily

10.2**

(3.2–17.7)

8.7*

(1.8–16.1)

  ➔Occasional

−3.5

(−9.1–2.4)

−3.6

(−9.2–2.3)

  ➔Former

−1.4

(− 3.7–0.9)

−1.3

(−3.5–1.1)

  ➔Quit

4.6

(−4.4–14.5)

5.9

(−3.2–16.0)

Physical activity (vs. high activity)

 Low activity

17.5**

(7.0–29.0)

12.8**

(3.1–23.5)

 Light activity

11.4*

(1.8–22.0)

8.8

(−0.4–18.9)

 Moderate activity

9.2

(−0.4–19.7)

7.7

(−1.5–17.8)

Alcohol intake, men (vs. recommended)

 Abstinent

0.7

(− 4.9–6.6)

−1.0

(− 6.4–4.7)

 Overuse

4.2*

(0.6–7.8)

2.7

(−0.8–6.2)

Alcohol intake, women (vs. recommended)

 Abstinent

7.1**

(2.5–11.9)

6.6*

(2.1–11.3)

 Overuse

1.5

(−3.0–6.3)

−0.9

(− 5.2–3.7)

  1. The effect of lifestyle on suPAR5 adjusted for suPAR0
  2. Model 1: log2(suPAR5) ~ age, sex, log2(suPAR0) + one lifestyle factor per line (n = 3069–3225)
  3. Model 2: log2(suPAR5) ~ age, sex, log2(suPAR0), intervention intensity, diet, smoking, and physical activity (n = 3166, R2 = 0.326). For categorical variables, the parenthesis indicates the reference value. Model 2 with alcohol was run separately because of missing observations (n = 3044, R2 = 0.331)
  4. ➔: indicates the interaction between baseline and 5-year smoking habits, e.g. never (baseline)➔never (5-year). The horizontal line indicates the split between Model 2 without (above) and with (below) alcohol habits. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; suPAR0: baseline suPAR; suPAR5: 5-year suPAR