Fig. 2

Targeted exosomes derived from MSCs reduced plaques deposition and Aβ accumulation in the brain. Thioflavin-S staining was performed to detect the plaques in the cortex (a, Scale bar = 50 μm) and quantitative analysis of the area occupied by plaques in the cortex (b) of APP/PS1 mice. The plaques deposition was also detected through Thioflavin-S staining in the hippocampus (c, Scale bar = 50 μm) and the area occupied by plaques in the hippocampus (d) was quantified. The plaque deposition area in the cortex and hippocampus of MSC-RVG-Exo treated mice were much lower than that in mice injected with MSC-Exo. The amount of soluble Aβ40 (e) and Aβ42 (f), and insoluble Aβ40 (g) and Aβ42 (h) in the brains were determined through a commercial ELISA kit. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the AD group. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus the MSC-Exo group, by one-way ANOVA; n = 5