Fig. 1
From: Topological DNA damage, telomere attrition and T cell senescence during chronic viral infections
Inhibition of Top 1 expression and activity in CD4 T cells during chronic viral infections. a Top 1 protein expression in CD4 T cells isolated from HCV-, HBV-, and HIV-infected individuals versus HS. Representative imaging and summary data of western blot are shown. The Top 1 densitometry values were normalized to β-actin and then HS. b Top 1 mRNA expression, measured by real-time RT-PCR, in CD4 T cells isolated from virally infected individuals and HS. c Dose-dependent Top 1 enzyme activity measured by a plasmid (pHOT1)-based Top 1 Assay Kit. d Top 1 activity in CD4 T cells isolated from HCV-, HBV-, and HIV-infected individuals versus HS. Representative imaging and summary data of Top 1-mediated digestion of supercoiled DNA substrate (normalized to HS) are shown (n = number of subjects) to be tested. e Top1cc detected in genomic DNA isolated from CD4 T cells of virus-infected patients versus HS. HS, health subject; n, number of subjects