TY - STD TI - COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. [cited 2020 Apr 20]. UR - https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/. [cited 2020 Apr 20]. UR - https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ ID - ref2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhu, N. AU - Zhang, D. AU - Wang, W. AU - Li, X. AU - Yang, B. AU - Song, J. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 JO - N Engl J Med VL - 382 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017 ID - Zhu2020 ER - TY - STD TI - The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):536–44. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-020-0695-z. UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-020-0695-z ID - ref4 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hellewell, J. AU - Abbott, S. AU - Gimma, A. AU - Bosse, N. I. AU - Jarvis, C. I. AU - Russell, T. W. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts JO - Lancet Glob Heal VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7 DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7 ID - Hellewell2020 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/. [cited 2020 Apr 20]. UR - https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/ ID - ref6 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/. [cited 2020 Apr 20]. UR - https://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/ ID - ref7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huang, C. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Li, X. AU - Ren, L. AU - Zhao, J. AU - Hu, Y. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China JO - Lancet VL - 395 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 ID - Huang2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guan, W. AU - Ni, Z. AU - Hu, Y. AU - Liang, W. AU - Ou, C. AU - He, J. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China JO - N Engl J Med VL - 28 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 ID - Guan2020 ER - TY - STD TI - Zhang J, Dong X, Cao Y, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Yan Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy 2020 all.14238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14238. ID - ref10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, D. AU - Hu, B. AU - Hu, C. AU - Zhu, F. AU - Liu, X. AU - Zhang, J. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China JO - JAMA VL - 323 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585 DO - 10.1001/jama.2020.1585 ID - Wang2020 ER - TY - STD TI - Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213260020300795. Accessed 28 Apr. UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213260020300795 ID - ref12 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, J. AU - Zheng, Y. AU - Gou, X. AU - Pu, K. AU - Chen, Z. AU - Guo, Q. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis JO - Int J Infect Dis VL - 94 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017 DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017 ID - Yang2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wu, Z. AU - JM, M. G. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China JO - JAMA VL - 323 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648 DO - 10.1001/jama.2020.2648 ID - Wu2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abu-Ashour, W. AU - Twells, L. K. AU - Valcour, J. E. AU - Gamble, J. -. M. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Diabetes and the occurrence of infection in primary care: a matched cohort study JO - BMC Infect Dis VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-2975-2 DO - 10.1186/s12879-018-2975-2 ID - Abu-Ashour2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bartelink, M. AU - Hoek, L. AU - Freriks, J. AU - Rutten, G. E. H. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Infections in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice JO - Diabetes Res Clin Pract VL - 40 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8227(98)00023-0 DO - 10.1016/S0168-8227(98)00023-0 ID - Bartelink1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Golden, S. H. AU - Peart-Vigilance, C. AU - Kao, W. H. AU - Brancati, F. L. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Perioperative glycemic control and the risk of infectious complications in a cohort of adults with diabetes JO - Diabetes Care VL - 22 UR - https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.9.1408 DO - 10.2337/diacare.22.9.1408 ID - Golden1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Critchley, J. A. AU - Carey, I. M. AU - Harris, T. AU - DeWilde, S. AU - Hosking, F. J. AU - Cook, D. G. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Glycemic control and risk of infections among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in a large primary care cohort study JO - Diabetes Care VL - 41 UR - https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0287 DO - 10.2337/dc18-0287 ID - Critchley2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Delamaire, M. AU - Maugendre, D. AU - Moreno, M. AU - Goff, M. -. C. AU - Allannic, H. AU - Genetet, B. PY - 1997 DA - 1997// TI - Impaired leucocyte functions in diabetic patients JO - Diabet Med VL - 14 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-V DO - 3.0.CO;2-V ID - Delamaire1997 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zykova, S. N. AU - Jenssen, T. G. AU - Berdal, M. AU - Olsen, R. AU - Myklebust, R. AU - Seljelid, R. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Altered cytokine and nitric oxide secretion in vitro by macrophages from diabetic type II-like db/db mice JO - Diabetes VL - 49 UR - https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.49.9.1451 DO - 10.2337/diabetes.49.9.1451 ID - Zykova2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, A. G. AU - Sheridan, P. A. AU - Tseng, R. J. AU - Sheridan, J. F. AU - Beck, M. A. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Selective impairment in dendritic cell function and altered antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell responses in diet-induced obese mice infected with influenza virus JO - Immunology VL - 126 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02895.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02895.x ID - Smith2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Summers, K. L. AU - Marleau, A. M. AU - Mahon, J. L. AU - McManus, R. AU - Hramiak, I. AU - Singh, B. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Reduced IFN-α secretion by blood dendritic cells in human diabetes JO - Clin Immunol VL - 121 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.05.015 DO - 10.1016/j.clim.2006.05.015 ID - Summers2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meshkani, R. AU - Vakili, S. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Tissue resident macrophages: key players in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications JO - Clin Chim Acta VL - 462 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.015 DO - 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.015 ID - Meshkani2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hodgson, K. AU - Morris, J. AU - Bridson, T. AU - Govan, B. AU - Rush, C. AU - Ketheesan, N. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Immunological mechanisms contributing to the double burden of diabetes and intracellular bacterial infections JO - Immunology VL - 144 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12394 DO - 10.1111/imm.12394 ID - Hodgson2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuka, M. AU - Giovanni, M. AU - Iannacone, M. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - The role of type I interferons in CD4+ T cell differentiation JO - Immunol Lett VL - 215 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2019.01.013 DO - 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.01.013 ID - Kuka2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giovanni, M. AU - Cutillo, V. AU - Giladi, A. AU - Sala, E. AU - Maganuco, C. G. AU - Medaglia, C. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Spatiotemporal regulation of type I interferon expression determines the antiviral polarization of CD4+ T cells JO - Nat Immunol VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0596-6 DO - 10.1038/s41590-020-0596-6 ID - Giovanni2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuri, T. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Habjan, M. AU - Martínez-Sobrido, L. AU - García-Sastre, A. AU - Yuan, Z. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Interferon priming enables cells to partially overturn the SARS coronavirus-induced block in innate immune activation JO - J Gen Virol VL - 90 UR - https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.013599-0 DO - 10.1099/vir.0.013599-0 ID - Kuri2009 ER - TY - STD TI - Lokugamage KG, Hage A, Schindewolf C, Rajsbaum R, Menachery VD. SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment. bioRxiv. 2020;2020.03.07.982264. Available from: http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/09/2020.03.07.982264.abstract. Accessed 11 May. UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/09/2020.03.07.982264.abstract ID - ref28 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Falzarano, D. AU - Wit, E. AU - Martellaro, C. AU - Callison, J. AU - Munster, V. J. AU - Feldmann, H. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Inhibition of novel β coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-α2b and ribavirin JO - Sci Rep VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01686 DO - 10.1038/srep01686 ID - Falzarano2013 ER - TY - STD TI - Meng Z, Wang T, Li C, Chen X, Li L, Qin X, et al. An experimental trial of recombinant human interferon alpha nasal drops to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 in medical staff in an epidemic area. medRxiv. 2020;2020.04.11.20061473. Available from: http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/17/2020.04.11.20061473.abstract. Accessed 11 May. UR - http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/17/2020.04.11.20061473.abstract ID - ref30 ER - TY - STD TI - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html. [cited 2020 May 6]. UR - https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html ID - ref31 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weigle, W. O. PY - 1989 DA - 1989// TI - Effects of aging on the immune system JO - Hosp Pract VL - 24 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1989.11703827 DO - 10.1080/21548331.1989.11703827 ID - Weigle1989 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thoman, M. L. AU - Weigle, W. O. PY - 1981 DA - 1981// TI - Lymphokines and aging: interleukin-2 production and activity in aged animals JO - J Immunol VL - 127 ID - Thoman1981 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Li, G. AU - Ju, J. AU - Weyand, C. M. AU - Goronzy, J. J. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Age-associated failure to adjust type I IFN receptor signaling thresholds after T cell activation JO - J Immunol VL - 195 UR - https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1402389 DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.1402389 ID - Li2015 ER - TY - STD TI - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Flu and People with Diabetes. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/diabetes.htm. [cited 2020 Apr 22]. UR - https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/diabetes.htm ID - ref35 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allard, R. AU - Leclerc, P. AU - Tremblay, C. AU - Tannenbaum, T. -. N. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza a (H1N1) infection JO - Diabetes Care VL - 33 UR - https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-2215 DO - 10.2337/dc09-2215 ID - Allard2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, J. K. AU - Feng, Y. AU - Yuan, M. Y. AU - Yuan, S. Y. AU - Fu, H. J. AU - Wu, B. Y. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS JO - Diabet Med VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01861.x DO - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01861.x ID - Yang2006 ER - TY - STD TI - Kulcsar KA, Coleman CM, Beck SE, Frieman MB. Comorbid diabetes results in immune dysregulation and enhanced disease severity following MERS-CoV infection. JCI Insight. 2019;4(20) Available from: https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/131774. Accessed 1 May. UR - https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/131774 ID - ref38 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adler, E. M. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - IL-2 Antagonizes Th17 Differentiation JO - Sci STKE VL - 2007 UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/stke.3792007tw103 DO - 10.1126/stke.3792007tw103 ID - Adler2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Muniyappa, R. AU - Gubbi, S. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus JO - Am J Physiol Metab VL - 318 UR - https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2020 DO - 10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2020 ID - Muniyappa2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chance, W. W. AU - Rhee, C. AU - Yilmaz, C. AU - Dane, D. M. AU - Pruneda, M. L. AU - Raskin, P. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Diminished alveolar microvascular reserves in type 2 diabetes reflect Systemic Microangiopathy JO - Diabetes Care VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-2323 DO - 10.2337/dc07-2323 ID - Chance2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Foster, D. J. AU - Ravikumar, P. AU - Bellotto, D. J. AU - Unger, R. H. AU - Hsia, C. C. W. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Fatty diabetic lung: altered alveolar structure and surfactant protein expression JO - Am J Physiol Cell Mol Physiol VL - 298 UR - https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00041.2009 DO - 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2009 ID - Foster2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ghesquière, B. AU - Wong, B. W. AU - Kuchnio, A. AU - Carmeliet, P. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Metabolism of stromal and immune cells in health and disease JO - Nature VL - 511 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13312 DO - 10.1038/nature13312 ID - Ghesquière2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bottini, P. AU - Scionti, L. AU - Santeusanio, F. AU - Casucci, G. AU - Tantucci, C. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Impairment of the respiratory system in diabetic autonomic neuropathy JO - Diabetes Nutr Metab VL - 13 ID - Bottini2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Antonelli Incalzi, R. AU - Fuso, L. AU - Giordano, A. AU - Pitocco, D. AU - Maiolo, C. AU - Calcagni, M. L. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Neuroadrenergic denervation of the lung in type I diabetes mellitus complicated by autonomic neuropathy JO - Chest VL - 121 UR - https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.2.443 DO - 10.1378/chest.121.2.443 ID - Antonelli Incalzi2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McIntosh, K. AU - Dees, J. H. AU - Becker, W. B. AU - Kapikian, A. Z. AU - Chanock, R. M. PY - 1967 DA - 1967// TI - Recovery in tracheal organ cultures of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease JO - Proc Natl Acad Sci VL - 57 UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.57.4.933 DO - 10.1073/pnas.57.4.933 ID - McIntosh1967 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drosten, C. AU - Günther, S. AU - Preiser, W. AU - Werf, S. AU - Brodt, H. -. R. AU - Becker, S. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome JO - N Engl J Med VL - 348 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030747 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa030747 ID - Drosten2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fouchier, R. A. M. AU - Hartwig, N. G. AU - Bestebroer, T. M. AU - Niemeyer, B. AU - Jong, J. C. AU - Simon, J. H. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans JO - Proc Natl Acad Sci VL - 101 UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400762101 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0400762101 ID - Fouchier2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zaki, A. M. AU - Boheemen, S. AU - Bestebroer, T. M. AU - Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. AU - Fouchier, R. A. M. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia JO - N Engl J Med VL - 367 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 ID - Zaki2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yeager, C. L. AU - Ashmun, R. A. AU - Williams, R. K. AU - Cardellichio, C. B. AU - Shapiro, L. H. AU - Look, A. T. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E JO - Nature VL - 357 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/357420a0 DO - 10.1038/357420a0 ID - Yeager1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Li, W. AU - Moore, M. J. AU - Vasilieva, N. AU - Sui, J. AU - Wong, S. K. AU - Berne, M. A. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus JO - Nature VL - 426 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02145 DO - 10.1038/nature02145 ID - Li2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hofmann, H. AU - Pyrc, K. AU - Hoek, L. AU - Geier, M. AU - Berkhout, B. AU - Pohlmann, S. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry JO - Proc Natl Acad Sci VL - 102 UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409465102 DO - 10.1073/pnas.0409465102 ID - Hofmann2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raj, V. S. AU - Mou, H. AU - Smits, S. L. AU - Dekkers, D. H. W. AU - Müller, M. A. AU - Dijkman, R. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC JO - Nature [Internet] VL - 495 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12005 DO - 10.1038/nature12005 ID - Raj2013 ER - TY - STD TI - Rao S, Lau A, So H-C. Exploring diseases/traits and blood proteins causally related to expression of ACE2, the putative receptor of 2019-nCov: A Mendelian Randomization analysis. medRxiv 2020 2020.03.04.20031237. Available from: http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/08/2020.03.04.20031237.abstract. Accessed 1 May. UR - http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/08/2020.03.04.20031237.abstract ID - ref54 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhou, P. AU - Yang, X. -. L. AU - Wang, X. -. G. AU - Hu, B. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Zhang, W. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin JO - Nature VL - 579 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 ID - Zhou2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wrapp, D. AU - Wang, N. AU - Corbett, K. S. AU - Goldsmith, J. A. AU - Hsieh, C. -. L. AU - Abiona, O. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation JO - Science VL - 367 UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507 DO - 10.1126/science.abb2507 ID - Wrapp2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roca-Ho, H. AU - Riera, M. AU - Palau, V. AU - Pascual, J. AU - Soler, M. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Characterization of ACE and ACE2 Expression within Different Organs of the NOD Mouse JO - Int J Mol Sci VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030563 DO - 10.3390/ijms18030563 ID - Roca-Ho2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wysocki, J. AU - Ye, M. AU - Soler, M. J. AU - Gurley, S. B. AU - Xiao, H. D. AU - Bernstein, K. E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - ACE and ACE2 activity in diabetic mice JO - Diabetes VL - 55 UR - https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-0033 DO - 10.2337/db06-0033 ID - Wysocki2006 ER - TY - STD TI - Chen X, Hu W, Ling J, Mo P, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, et al. Hypertension and Diabetes Delay the Viral Clearance in COVID-19 Patients. medRxiv 2020;2020.03.22.20040774. Available from: http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/24/2020.03.22.20040774.abstract. Accessed 1 May. UR - http://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/24/2020.03.22.20040774.abstract ID - ref59 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Carey, R. M. AU - Wang, Z. -. Q. AU - Siragy, H. M. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function JO - Hypertension VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.35.1.155 DO - 10.1161/01.HYP.35.1.155 ID - Carey2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuba, K. AU - Imai, Y. AU - Rao, S. AU - Gao, H. AU - Guo, F. AU - Guan, B. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury JO - Nat Med VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1267 DO - 10.1038/nm1267 ID - Kuba2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vennemann, M. M. AU - Hummel, T. AU - Berger, K. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - The association between smoking and smell and taste impairment in the general population JO - J Neurol VL - 255 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-008-0807-9 DO - 10.1007/s00415-008-0807-9 ID - Vennemann2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bramerson, A. AU - Johansson, L. AU - Ek, L. AU - Nordin, S. AU - Bende, M. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the Sk??Vde population-based study JO - Laryngoscope VL - 114 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200404000-00026 DO - 10.1097/00005537-200404000-00026 ID - Bramerson2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Olender, T. AU - Keydar, I. AU - Pinto, J. M. AU - Tatarskyy, P. AU - Alkelai, A. AU - Chien, M. -. S. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - The human olfactory transcriptome JO - BMC Genomics VL - 17 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2960-3 DO - 10.1186/s12864-016-2960-3 ID - Olender2016 ER - TY - STD TI - Brann DH, Tsukahara T, Weinreb C, Lipovsek M, Van den Berge K, Gong B, et al. Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia. bioRxiv. 2020;2020.03.25.009084. Available from: http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/09/2020.03.25.009084.abstract. Accessed 2 May. UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/09/2020.03.25.009084.abstract ID - ref65 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Calvo, S. S. -. C. AU - Egan, J. M. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - The endocrinology of taste receptors JO - Nat Rev Endocrinol VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2015.7 DO - 10.1038/nrendo.2015.7 ID - Calvo2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shigemura, N. AU - Takai, S. AU - Hirose, F. AU - Yoshida, R. AU - Sanematsu, K. AU - Ninomiya, Y. PY - 2019 DA - 2019// TI - Expression of Renin-Angiotensin System Components in the Taste Organ of Mice JO - Nutrients VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092251 DO - 10.3390/nu11092251 ID - Shigemura2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cavallin, M. A. AU - McCluskey, L. P. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of activated macrophages in the degenerating taste system JO - J Neurosci Res VL - 80 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20438 DO - 10.1002/jnr.20438 ID - Cavallin2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feng, P. AU - Yee, K. K. AU - Rawson, N. E. AU - Feldman, L. M. AU - Feldman, R. S. AU - Breslin, P. A. S. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Immune cells of the human peripheral taste system: dominant dendritic cells and CD4 T cells JO - Brain Behav Immun VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.016 DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.016 ID - Feng2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - He, Y. AU - Hara, H. AU - Núñez, G. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome activation JO - Trends Biochem Sci VL - 41 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2016.09.002 DO - 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.09.002 ID - He2016 ER - TY - STD TI - Zhao C, Zhao W. NLRP3 Inflammasome—A Key Player in Antiviral Responses. Front Immunol. 2020;11 Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00211/full. Accessed 2 May. UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00211/full ID - ref71 ER - TY - STD TI - Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Nordman E, Toivanen A. Combined interferon and vinblastine treatment of advanced melanoma: evaluation of the treatment results and the effects of the treatment on immunological functions. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1989;28(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204991. ID - ref72 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, H. AU - Zhou, M. AU - Brand, J. AU - Huang, L. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Inflammation activates the interferon signaling pathways in taste bud cells JO - J Neurosci VL - 27 UR - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3102-07.2007 DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3102-07.2007 ID - Wang2007 ER - TY - STD TI - Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, McFarland R, Crowe J, Booth R, et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020. Epub ahead of print. ID - ref74 ER - TY - STD TI - Zhu L, She Z-G, Cheng X, Qin J-J, Zhang X-J, Cai J, et al. Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab. 2020; Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1550413120302382. Accessed 11 May. UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1550413120302382 ID - ref75 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hemilä, H. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Vitamin C and Infections JO - Nutrients VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040339 DO - 10.3390/nu9040339 ID - Hemilä2017 ER - TY - STD TI - Lamers MM, Beumer J, van der Vaart J, Knoops K, Puschhof J, Breugem TI, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Productively Infects Human Gut Enterocytes. bioRxiv 2020 2020.04.25.060350. Available from: http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/25/2020.04.25.060350.abstract. Accessed 4 May. UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/25/2020.04.25.060350.abstract ID - ref77 ER - TY - STD TI - Stanifer ML, Kee C, Cortese M, Triana S, Mukenhirn M, Kraeusslich H-G, et al. Critical role of type III interferon in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and spread in primary human intestinal epithelial cells. bioRxiv 2020;2020.04.24.059667. Available from: http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/24/2020.04.24.059667.abstract. Accessed 4 May. UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2020/04/24/2020.04.24.059667.abstract ID - ref78 ER - TY - STD TI - Wang J, Hajizadeh N, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Veress LA, et al. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Treatment for COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Case Series. J Thromb Haemost. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14828. ID - ref79 ER - TY - STD TI - M. CC, Rami K. Will Complement Inhibition be the New Target in Treating COVID-19 Related Systemic Thrombosis? Circulation. 2020 May 2;0(0). doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047419. ID - ref80 ER - TY - STD TI - Quatraro A. Hydroxychloroquine in Decompensated, Treatment-Refractory Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(9):678. do: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-9-678. ID - ref81 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halaby, M. -. J. AU - Kastein, B. K. AU - Yang, D. -. Q. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Chloroquine stimulates glucose uptake and glycogen synthase in muscle cells through activation of Akt JO - Biochem Biophys Res Commun VL - 435 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.047 DO - 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.047 ID - Halaby2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holland, W. L. AU - Miller, R. A. AU - Wang, Z. V. AU - Sun, K. AU - Barth, B. M. AU - Bui, H. H. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin JO - Nat Med VL - 17 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2277 DO - 10.1038/nm.2277 ID - Holland2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, J. AU - Cao, R. AU - Xu, M. AU - Wang, X. AU - Zhang, H. AU - Hu, H. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro JO - Cell Discov VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0 DO - 10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0 ID - Liu2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borba, M. G. S. AU - Val, F. F. A. AU - Sampaio, V. S. AU - Alexandre, M. A. A. AU - Melo, G. C. AU - Brito, M. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection JO - JAMA Netw Open VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857 DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857 ID - Borba2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vaduganathan, M. AU - Vardeny, O. AU - Michel, T. AU - McMurray, J. J. V. AU - Pfeffer, M. A. AU - Solomon, S. D. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19 JO - N Engl J Med VL - 382 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr2005760 DO - 10.1056/NEJMsr2005760 ID - Vaduganathan2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kim, W. AU - Egan, J. M. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - The role of Incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment JO - Pharmacol Rev VL - 60 UR - https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.108.000604 DO - 10.1124/pr.108.000604 ID - Kim2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chia, C. W. AU - Egan, J. M. PY - 2020 DA - 2020// TI - Incretins in obesity and diabetes JO - Ann N Y Acad Sci VL - 1461 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14211 DO - 10.1111/nyas.14211 ID - Chia2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boonacker, E. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - The multifunctional or moonlighting protein CD26/DPPIV JO - Eur J Cell Biol VL - 82 UR - https://doi.org/10.1078/0171-9335-00302 DO - 10.1078/0171-9335-00302 ID - Boonacker2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Price, J. D. AU - Linder, G. AU - Li, W. P. AU - Zimmermann, B. AU - Rother, K. I. AU - Malek, R. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Effects of short-term sitagliptin treatment on immune parameters in healthy individuals, a randomized placebo-controlled study JO - Clin Exp Immunol VL - 174 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12144 DO - 10.1111/cei.12144 ID - Price2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Poppel, P. C. M. AU - Gresnigt, M. S. AU - Smits, P. AU - Netea, M. G. AU - Tack, C. J. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not affect ex vivo cytokine response and lymphocyte function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus JO - Diabetes Res Clin Pract VL - 103 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.039 DO - 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.039 ID - Poppel2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shyamsundar, M. AU - McKeown, S. T. W. AU - O’Kane, C. M. AU - Craig, T. R. AU - Brown, V. AU - Thickett, D. R. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Simvastatin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in healthy volunteers JO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med VL - 179 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200810-1584OC DO - 10.1164/rccm.200810-1584OC ID - Shyamsundar2009 ER - TY - STD TI - Fedson DS, Opal SM, Rordam OM. Hiding in Plain Sight: an Approach to Treating Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection. MBio. 2020;11(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00398-20. ID - ref93 ER - TY - STD TI - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Available from: https://covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/. [cited 2020 Apr 5]. UR - https://covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/ ID - ref94 ER -