Fig. 5
From: Age-associated changes in the circulating human antibody repertoire are upregulated in autoimmunity
Donors with autoimmune disease have “accelerated immune ageing” as quantified by antibody binding profiles associated with higher age than subject’s chronological age at blood draw. a Longitudinal profiling of the antibody repertoire is correlated with disease activity index in donors with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-DAI). SLEDAI and Immune Age are shown (y-axis) relative to days since first visit (x-axis) for three donors (distinct plots). When the maximum disease activity is compared to lowest disease activity for each donor, we find that the Immune Index is higher when SLEDAI is higher (p < 0.04, paired t-test). b Age regression residuals are higher in serum from donors with autoimmune diseases. Donors with autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and phenotypically similar diseases were profiled by peptide microarray and antibody-binding prediction of age was calculated. Donors with autoimmune disease had higher antibody-based prediction of age (after correction for chronological age) than healthy control donors and donors with phenotypically similar non-autoimmune diseases. Significance was determined by a two-sided t-test comparing non-autoimmune to SLE (p < 10− 9), RA (p < 10− 5), SS (p < 10− 3). Non-autoimmune diseases included fibromyalgia (FM), osteoarthritis (OA), vascular disease (VASC), and other diseases (data not shown). Autoimmune disease profiled were Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). c Donors with high autoimmune disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (as measured by SLEDAI), have higher age regression residuals, which suggests SLEDAI is associated with accelerated antibody binding ageing. The SLE cohort was discretized into donors that had high disease activity (> 5 SLEDAI) vs low disease activity (<=5 SLEDAI). When multiple samples were available for a given donor, the sample with highest SLEDAI was used. Donors with non-autoimmune disease had lower antibody-binding age predictions than low SLEDAI donors (p < 10− 3, two-sided t-test), who in turn had lower age predictions than high SLEDAI donors (p < 10− 5, two-sided t-test)