Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants

n

median (IQR) or n (%)

n

median (IQR) or n (%)

n

median (IQR) or n (%)

n

median (IQR) or n (%)

 Age (years)¹

52

74.8 (70.6–81.8)

52

74.9 (70.7–82.0)

52

74.8 (70.7–81.9)

59

26.4 ^b (24.0–29.0)

 Sex (women)²

52

25 (48.1)

–

52

25 (48.1)

59

29 (49.2)

 Smoking³–Daily smoker

52

6 (11.5)

–

52

4 (7.7)

59

0 ^b (0)

 Occasional smoker

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

4 (6.8)

 Former smoker

34 (65.4)

–

29 (55.8)

13 (22.0)

 Never smoked

12 (23.1)

–

19 (36.5)

42 (71.2)

 BMI (kg/m²)¹

52

26.8 (23.0–31.5)

52

26.4 (22.2–31.7)

51

25.9 (22.7–27.9)

59

22.8 ^b (21.7–24.2)

 Length of stay (days)

52

1 (1–4)

–

–

–

 Reason for hospitalization

52

 Cardiovascular symptoms

16 (30.1)

–

–

–

 Infection

11 (21.2)

–

–

–

 Respiratory symptoms

10 (19.2)

–

–

–

 Fall

5 (9.6)

–

–

–

 Other symptoms

10 (19.2)

–

–

–

 CRP (mg/L)⁴

52

6.2 (2.5–48.0)

52

3.2 ^ab (1.3–8.7)

51

1.2 (0.5–2.4)

59

0.4 ^b (0.3–0.9)

 suPAR (ng/mL)⁴

50

3.2 (2.9–4.8)

52

3.3 ^b (2.6–4.7)

52

2.6 (2.2–3.1)

59

2.0 ^b (1.8–2.5)

 IL-6 (pg/mL)⁴

49

2.4 (0.8–6.3)

52

0.8 ^ab (0.6–1.6)

52

0.6 (0.3–0.9)

59

0.3 ^b (0.3–0.3)

 IL-18 (pg/mL)⁴

49

336.1 (213.0–434.2)

52

304.0 ^b (197.7–404.1)

52

216.9 (167.0–344.4)

59

183.8 ^b (144.4–239.0)

 TNF-α (pg/mL)⁴

49

9.0 (7.0–13.3)

52

9.4 ^b (7.3–14.0)

52

8.2 (6.4–9.8)

59

5.3 ^b (4.4–6.1)

 GDF15 (pg/mL)⁴

49

1873.5 (1177.1–2729.9)

52

1562.5 ^ab (1043.8–2186.2)

52

1003.9 (829.4–1297.0)

20

288.1 ^b (232.7–311.2)

 FI-OutRef¹

50

4.3 (1.3–6.4)

52

3.2 ^b (1.1–5.3)

50

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

59

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

 4-m gait speed (m/s)¹

37

0.75 (0.62–0.93)

50

0.79 ^ab (0.61–1.00)

52

1.25 (1.11–1.33)

59

1.43 ^b (1.33–1.54)

 Hand grip strength (kg)¹

51

22.5 (17.6–37.2)

51

25.4 ^ab (18.9–37.2)

52

30.8 (22.3–39.7)

59

39.8 ^b (33.8–50.4)

 Chair stand test (repetitions)¹

27

11 (9–14)

41

12 ^ab (9–14)

52

13 (11–16)

59

24 ^b (20–28)

 MMSE (points)¹

–

47

29 (26–30)

52

29 (27–30)

–

 Trail making test A (seconds)⁴

–

47

50.0 ^b (37.0–69.0)

51

37.8 (29.0–54.6)

59

17.4 ^b (15.0–21.5)

 Trail making test B (seconds)⁴

–

46

149.9 ^b (100.0–246.0)

49

86.9 (67.0–113.4)

59

44.5 ^b (38.7–53.5)

 1-year mortality³

52

4 (7.7)

52

0 (0)

–

 Seropositive³

–

51

31 (60.8)

52

37 (71.2)

59

40 (67.8)

 Anti-CVM IgG titer⁴ (U/mL)

–

51

127.2 (0.2–461.5)

52

251.4 (0.2–424.2)

59

162.2 (0.2–410.1)