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Fig. 2 | Immunity & Ageing

Fig. 2

From: An evaluation of the recognised systemic inflammatory biomarkers of chronic sub-optimal inflammation provides evidence for inflammageing (IFA) during multiple sclerosis (MS)

Fig. 2

The effects of stressor-induced IFA on the dynamics of ISC and immune tolerance. Inherent ISC, as a consequence of biological ageing, influences the rate of immune ageing and immune tolerance. Stressor-activated IFA stimulates SASP release and prematurely accelerates ISC with a decline in immune tolerance and an increased frequency of autoimmune disease.

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