From: An evaluation of the recognised systemic inflammatory biomarkers of chronic sub-optimal inflammation provides evidence for inflammageing (IFA) during multiple sclerosis (MS)
IFA biomarker
Number of studies/% detecting significant change
Serum/Plasma
CSF
IL-6
18/60
21/52
CRP
14/71
a
TNF-α
30/87
16/56
IL-1Ra
2/50
IL-10
10/60
8/63