Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of participants
Demographic and clinical characteristics | Participants N = 163 (100%) |
|---|---|
Age, years | 87.3 (83.1–90.2) |
Male gender (%) | 144 (88.3%) |
Follow-up duration, weeks | 156.4 (136.9–156.4) |
Move out from retirement communities | 5 (3.1%) |
Unexpected admission rate (%) | 90 (55.2%) |
 Infectious diseases-related (%) | 52 (57.7%) |
 Cardiovascular diseases-related (%) | 11 (12.2%) |
 Others (%) | 27 (30%) |
Mortality rate (%) | 40 (24.5%) |
 Infectious diseases-related (%) | 15 (37.5%) |
 Cardiovascular diseases-related (%) | 7 (17.5%) |
 Others | 18 (45%) |
Body mass index, kgs/m2 | 24.2 (21.1–26) |
Cigarette Smoking | |
 Ex-smoker (%) | 17 (10.4%) |
 Active smoker (%) | 20 (12.3%) |
Alcohol consumption | |
 Ex-drinker (%) | 10 (6.1%) |
 Active drinker (%) | 28 (17.2%) |
Education | |
  < 6 years (%) | 53 (32.5%) |
 6–9 years (%) | 51 (31.3%) |
  > 9 years (%) | 48 (29.4%) |
Flu vaccine uptake (%) | 109 (66.9%) |
Underlying diseases | |
 Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 9 (5.5%) |
 Chronic liver disease (%) | 2 (1.2%) |
 Chronic kidney disease (%) | 4 (2.5%) |
 Chronic lung disease (%) | 24 (14.7%) |
 Congestive heart failure (%) | 7 (4.3%) |
 Dementia (%) | 7 (4.3%) |
 Depression (%) | 8 (4.9%) |
 Diabetes mellitus (%) | 45 (27.6%) |
 Hypertension (%) | 118 (72.4%) |
 Peptic ulcer disease (%) | 26 (16%) |
 Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 32 (19.6%) |
 Malignancy (%) | 11 (6.7%) |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1 (0–2) |
Geriatric syndromes | |
 Physical function by BI score | 95 (90–100) |
 Risk of falls by JHFRAT score | 12 (10–16) |
 Polypharmacy (%) | 83 (50.9%) |
 Types of medicine | 5 (3–6) |
 Cognition by MMSE score | 26 (23–29) |
 Depression by GDS-5 score | 0 (0–1) |
 Malnutrition by MUST score | 0 (0–0) |
 Visual impairment (%) | 52 (31.9%) |
 Hearing impairment (%) | 27 (16.6%) |
 Sleep disorder (%) | 46 (28.2%) |
 Use of hypnotic agents (%) | 36 (22.1%) |
 Constipation (%) | 44 (27%) |
 Stool incontinence (%) | 3 (1.8%) |
 Urinary incontinence (%) | 5 (3.1%) |
Laboratory tests | |
 White blood cell count, cells/cumm | 5900 (4900- 6700) |
 Hemoglobin, gm/dL | 12.7 (11.6–13.6) |
 Platelet count, ×1,000 cells/cumm | 180.5 (148.7–221) |
 Neutrophil count, cells/cumm | 3157 (2472- 3914) |
 Lymphocyte count, cells/cumm | 1800 (1500- 2300) |
 CD3+ T cell count, cells/cumm | 1136 (903–1526) |
 CD4+ T cell count, cells/cumm | 718 (557–926) |
 CD8+ T cell count, cells/cumm | 390 (262–576) |
 CD19+ B cell count, cells/cumm | 135 (81–205) |
 CD4+/CD8+ | 1.81 (1.25–2.54) |
 Albumin, gm/dL | 4 (3.8–4.2) |
 Cholesterol, mg/dL | 163 (141–188) |
 Triglyceride, mg/dL | 87 (62–122) |
 HDL-C, mg/dL | 48 (36–57) |
 LDL-C, mg/dL | 97 (77–117) |
 BUN, mg/dL | 19.5 (16–25) |
 Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.96 (0.79–1.24) |
 Aspartate amonitransferase, U/L | 21 (17–25) |
 hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.14 (0.08–0.32) |
 Lymphopenia (%) | 12 (7.4%) |
 CD4+/CD8+ < 1 | 18 (11%) |
Chronic infection | |
 CMV seropositivity (%) | 162 (99.4%) |
 VZV seropositivity (%) | 150 (92%) |
 HBsAg seropositivity (%) | 93 (57.1%) |
 HCV seropositivity (%) | 12 (7.4%) |
 Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity (%) | 138 (84.7%) |
 CMV IgG, IU/mL | 236.8 (174.1–722.1) |
 VZV IgG, S/CO | 3.46 (2.51–4.7) |
 HBsAg IgG, mIU/mL | 17 (3.8–50.8) |
 HCV IgG, S/CO | 0.07 (0.05–0.1) |
 Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG, S/CO | 1.49 (1.28–1.63) |