Table 1 Distributions of demographic characteristics according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels
|  | Combined effect of hs-CRP and HbA1c †| P value * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Both at high levels (n = 756) | High level of only hs-CRP (n = 682) | High level of only HbA1c (n = 772) | Neither at a high level (n = 1903) |  | |
Age, mean (SD), years | 55.68 (14.72) | 45.44 (15.54) | 54.79 (13.64) | 41.18 (14.21) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 131.33 (18.99) | 120.73 (17.64) | 124.46 (16.77) | 115.1 (16.89) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 80.18 (11.38) | 76.36 (11.42) | 76.97 (10.54) | 73.14 (11.05) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL | 109.36 (41.75) | 85.48 (8.43) | 102.82 (37.91) | 83.33 (7.53) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 191.8 (38.45) | 178.31 (38.16) | 187.01 (35.81) | 173.24 (36.77) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL | 167.65 (111.49) | 129.88 (94.65) | 135.19 (110.01) | 102.68 (74.8) | < 0.001 |
Body-mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.88 (4.45) | 24.91 (4.12) | 24.25 (3.32) | 22.58 (3.37) | < 0.001 |
Hs-CRP, mean (SD), mg/dL | 0.56 (0.95) | 0.49 (1.06) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 6.52 (1.37) | 5.19 (0.27) | 6.28 (1.26) | 5.15 (0.27) | < 0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
 Male | 383 (50.7) | 327 (47.9) | 383 (49.6) | 831 (43.7) |  |
 Female | 373 (49.3) | 355 (52.1) | 389 (50.4) | 1072 (56.3) | |
Regular exercise, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
 Yes | 235 (31.1) | 180 (26.4) | 276 (35.8) | 500 (26.3) |  |
 No | 521 (68.9) | 502 (73.6) | 496 (64.2) | 1403 (73.7) | |
Smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
 Yes | 194 (25.7) | 141 (20.7) | 170 (22) | 366 (19.2) |  |
 Quit | 65 (8.6) | 39 (5.7) | 52 (6.7) | 83 (4.4) | |
 No | 497 (65.7) | 502 (73.6) | 550 (71.2) | 1454 (76.4) | |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.110 | ||||
 Yes | 253 (33.5) | 244 (35.8) | 276 (35.8) | 729 (38.3) |  |
 No | 503 (66.5) | 438 (64.2) | 496 (64.2) | 1174 (61.7) | |
Heart disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
 Yes | 76 (10.1) | 35 (5.1) | 75 (9.7) | 100 (5.3) |  |
 No | 680 (89.9) | 647 (94.9) | 697 (90.3) | 1803 (94.7) | |
Stroke, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
 Yes | 26 (3.4) | 9 (1.3) | 13 (1.7) | 12 (0.6) |  |
 No | 730 (96.6) | 673 (98.7) | 759 (98.3) | 1891 (99.4) | |
Chronic infection or inflammation, n (%) | 0.147 | ||||
 Yes | 16 (2.12) | 20 (2.93) | 25 (3.24) | 36 (1.89) |  |
 No | 740 (97.88) | 662 (97.07) | 747 (96.76) | 1867 (98.11) | |