Fig. 3
Age-related changes of BECs from different arteriovenous zone. a t-SNE projection of brain endothelial cells in the SVZ from three young (3 months old) and three old (28–29 months old) (left). Cell types are color-coded and annotated based on the transcriptomic profiles. Bar plot showing the fraction of cells associated with each cell type from both young and aged mice (right). b Dot plot showing the expression of tight junction genes across different vascular segments. Node size represents the magnitude of DEGs (log2(fold change)) and node color represents adjusted P-values. **Bonferroni adjusted P-value ≤0.01, ***Bonferroni adjusted P-value ≤0.001 by Wilcoxon rank sum test. c Representative confocal microscopic images of young and old mouse brains stained for IgG. Nuclei are labeled with DAPI. Scale bars: 100 μm. d Quantitative analysis of IgG extravascular deposits in four young (6–8 weeks old) and four aged (18 months old) male mice. *P = 0.0117, two-tailed Student’s t test. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. e Heatmap of GSEA showing part of the significant (FDR q-value < 0.05) aging-related pathways across vessel segments. Numbers in the legend represent normalized enrichment score (NES); positive values indicate upregulation and negative values indicate downregulation