Table 1 Descriptive statistics of Health and Retirement Study participant characteristics measured in 2016 among 8603 participants with immunophenotyping data

Demographics

 Age (years) (Mean ± SE)

68.65 ± 0.26

 Sex – Female (%)

54.12%

 Race/Ethnicity

  Hispanic (%)

9.01%

  Non-Hispanic Black (%)

10.02%

  Non-Hispanic White (%)

77.55%

Lifestyle characteristics

 Smoking Status

  Never smokers (%)

44.29%

  Former smokers (%)

43.84%

  Current smokers (%)

11.87%

 BMI (kg/m²) (Mean ± SE)

29.69 ± 0.10

 Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence – Reactive (%)

64.54%

 Biological Age (years) (Mean ± SE)

67.66 ± 0.24

Prevalence of disease conditions in 2016

 Multimorbidity score

  0

48.13%

  1

32.82%

  2

14.06%

  3 and above

4.98%

 Type II diabetes (%)

17.55%

 Heart Disease (%)

24.83%

 Stroke (%)

7.04%

 Lung Disease (%)

11.32%

 Cancer (%)

16.19%

 Percentage of participants with bad score for self-rated health in 2016

26.61%

 Mortality in 2018

4.17%

 Number of people with incident multimorbidity in 2018 and 2020

6.01%

Age-related immune phenotype measures

 CD4 + /CD8 + (Mean ± SD) (log-transformed)

1.09 ± 0.70

 T_N/T_M CD4 + (Mean ± SD) (log-transformed)

-0.03 ± 0.77

 T_N/T_M CD8 + (Mean ± SD) (log-transformed)

-1.04 ± 1.14

 CD8 + T_N

0.22 ± 0.16

 CD4 + T_N

0.43 ± 0.18