Several areas of overlap between obesity and aging indicate obesity as a biomarker of accelerated aging of human B cell function and antibody responses

Table 1 Effects of aging and obesity on human B cells

	Aging	References	Obesity	References
Influenza vaccine response^a	↓	59,60,61,62,63,71,72	↓	72,73,74
In vitro class switch
E47^b	↓	72	↓	72
AID^c	↓	72	↓	72
In vitro pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion
IL-6	↑	72	↑	72
Intrinsic inflammation
icTNF-α	↑	72	↑	72
RNA expression of SASP markers^d	↑	72	↑	72
Frequencies of DN B cells in blood	↑	78,79,80,88	↑	72,87,88

^aMeasured by hemagglutination inhibition assay
^bTranscription factor of class switch
^cActivation-induced cytidine deaminase, the enzyme of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation
^dSASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype

ISSN: 1742-4933