Fig. 3
From: Excessive IL-15 promotes cytotoxic CD4 + CD28− T cell-mediated renal injury in lupus nephritis
IL-15 level is higher in the circulation and renal tissue of LN patients than that in healthy controls
(A) Soluble IL-15 levels in the sera of 20 healthy controls and 25 LN patients; each circle represents one individual and horizontal bars indicate the mean
(B) Mean ± SEM expression of IL-15Rα in CD14 + monocytes from 15 healthy controls and 18 LN patients
(C) Mean ± SEM expression of IL-15 receptor (IL-15Rβ) on CD4 + CD28− and CD4 + CD28 + T cell cells in 15 healthy controls and 18 LN patients
(D) Immunofluorescence showed that CD68 + macrophages (green) expressed IL-15 (red) in intraglomerular and periglomerular areas of LN. Arrows point to IL-15 expressing macrophages (yellow) **P < 0.01