Table 1 Description of clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients, and differences based on the outcome

(A) Patients’ characteristics and comorbidities

Age, median (IQR)

86 (82-90)

84 (81-89)

90 (85-93)

<0.001

Days of clinic stay, median (IQR)

13 (9-22)

14 (11-22)

10 (7-19)

0.021

Sex F, n (%)

97 (62.2%)

66 (61.7%)

31 (63.3%)

0.850

Hypertension, n (%)

109 (69.9%)

75 (70.1%)

34 (69.4%)

0.940

Diabetes, n (%)

37 (23.7%)

28 (26.2%)

9 (18.4%)

0.289

Stroke, n (%)

16 (10.3%)

7 (6.5%)

9 (18.4%)

0.023

Cancer, n (%)

37 (23.7%)

28 (26.2%)

9 (18.4%)

0.289

COPD, n (%)

22 (14.1%)

11 (10.3%)

11 (22.4%)

0.042

Asthma, n (%)

4 (2.6%)

4 (3.7%)

0 (0%)

0.171

Angina, n (%)

5 (3.2%)

4 (3.7%)

1 (2%)

0.577

Myocardial infarction, n (%)

18 (11.5%)

11 (10.3%)

7 (14.3%)

0.464

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

45 (28.8%)

28 (26.2%)

17 (34.7%)

0.270

Hearth failure, n (%)

42 (26.9%)

25 (23.4%)

17 (34.7%)

0.135

Alzheimer, n (%)

16 (10.3%)

11 (10.3%)

5 (10.2%)

0.991

Dementia, n (%)

46 (29.5%)

32 (29.9%)

14 (28.6%)

0.870

CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease n (%)

38 (24.4%)

21 (19.6%)

17 (34.7%)

0.041

CFS, n (%)

0.010

 0-3

25 (16%)

23 (21.5%)

2 (4.1%)

 4-7

77 (49.4%)

53 (49.5%)

24 (49%)

 8-9

52 (33.3%)

29 (27.1%)

23 (46.9%)

 NA

2 (1.3%)

2 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

(B) Routine laboratory parameters

WBC *10³, median (IQR)

8.5 (5.4-11.5)

7.9 (5.2-10.4)

11.8 (7.1-16.0)

<0.001

Neutrophils %, median (IQR)

79.2 (70.9-86.5)

75.9 (69.8-83.0)

87.7 (79.0-91.9)

<0.001

Neutrophil*10³, median (IQR)

6.0 (4.3-9.3)

5.5 (4.2-7.7)

9.5 (5.8-13.8)

<0.001

Lymphocytes %, median (IQR)

14.0 (8.6-22.6)

15.7 (11.0-24.2)

8.5 (4.1-14.0)

<0.001

Lymphocytes*10³, median (IQR)

1.1 (0.8-1.7)

1.2 (0.8-1.7)

0.9 (0.5-1.2)

0.006

Monocytes %, median (IQR)

6.0 (3.5-8.2)

7.2 (4.7-8.4)

3.5 (2.2-5.2)

<0.001

Monocytes, median (IQR)

0.48 (0.32-0.64)

0.49 (0.36-0.64)

0.41 (0.26-0.61)

0.045

Eosinophils %, median (IQR)

0.2 (0-0.7)

0.2 (0-0.9)

0 (0-0.3)

<0.001

Eosinophils*10³, median (IQR)

0.02 (0-0.06)

0.03 (0-0.07)

0 (0-0.02)

0.001

Basophils %, median (IQR)

0.1 (0.0-0.2)

0.1 (0.1-0.2)

0.1 (0.0-0.2)

0.014

Basophils*10³, median (IQR)

0.01 (0.01-0.02)

0.01 (0.01-0.02)

0.01 (0.01-0.02)

0.290

NLR, median (IQR)

5.4 (3.3-9.7)

4.5 (3.0-7.6)

11.1 (5.4-21.9)

<0.001

dNLR (derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), median (IQR)

2.0 (0.7-4.2)

1.9 (0.7-3.4)

3.6 (0.6-7.3)

0.069

PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio), median (IQR)

225.2 (136.7-324.0)

209.1 (141.2-291.1)

250.6 (135.2-405.1)

0.125

LMR (lymphocyte to monocyte ratio), median (IQR)

2.3 (1.5-3.6)

2.4 (1.8-3.6)

1.8 (1.2-3.5)

0.100

(C) SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia

SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia (2 viral genes detected), n (%)

30 (19.2%)

9 (8.4%)

21 (42.9%)

<0.001

(D) Markers of inflammation and coagulation

D-DIMER ng/ml, median (IQR)

1090 (690-1890)

1030 (680-1690)

1260 (760-4190)

0.228

CRP mg/dL, median (IQR)

2.9 (1.1-8.0)

2.1 (0.7-6.1)

7.4 (2.4-12.7)

<0.001

IL-6 pg/ml, median (IQR)

59.7 (26.9-143.6)

46.9 (18.7-124.7)

99.0 (53.7-239.2)

<0.001

IL-10 pg/ml, median (IQR)

39.7 (25.7-60.8)

35.3 (24.5-55.7)

49.3 (37.1-89.9)

<0.001

IL-10/IL6 ratio, median (IQR)

0.68 (0.30-1.60)

0.73 (0.37-1.60)

0.52 (0.25-1.63)

0.161

TNF-α pg/ml, median (IQR)

0.92 (0.24-2.17)

1.02 (0.24-2.85)

0.69 (0.25-1.28)

0.055

IFNα pg/ml, median (IQR)

14.2 (3.6-47.3)

20.0 (5.0-44.7)

8.7 (0.0-47.3)

0.054

(E) Patients’ drugs and treatments

Glucocorticoids, n (%)

133 (85.3%)

92 (85.2%)

41 (85.4%)

0.970

Heparin, n (%)

142 (91.0%)

96 (88.9%)

46 (95.8%)

0.161

Oxygen, n (%)

0.006

 No

21 (13.5%)

21 (19.4%)

0 (0.0%)

 Standard oxygen

84 (53.8%)

57 (52.8%)

27 (56.3%)

 CPAP/High Flow

2 (1.3%)

2 (1.8%)

0 (0.0%)

 NIV

48 (30.8%)

27 (25.0%)

21 (43.7%)

 NA

1 (0.6%)

1 (1.0%)

0 (0.0%)

(F) Transfer to intensive care unit (ICU)

Transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), n (%)

0.691

 No

150 (96.2%)

102 (95.3%)

48 (98.0 %)

 Yes

5 (3.2 %)

4 (3.7 %)

1 (2.0 %)

 NA

1 (0.6%)

1 (0.9 %)

0 (0.0 %)