Fig. 3

Glycyrrhizic acid promoted differentiation of Lin⁻CD117⁺ HSCs toward T cells in vitro. A Experimental design of Lin⁻CD117⁺ HSCs co-cultured with OP9-DL1 cells for short-term directed differentiation into T cells. B Schematic of the developmental maturation process of T cells by CD44 and CD25 negative–positive selection. C Representative FACS plots and bar graphs showing T-cell DN phase changes (DN1 phase, CD44⁺CD25⁻; DN2 phase, CD44⁺CD25⁺; DN3 phase, CD44⁻CD25⁺; DN4 phase, CD44⁻CD25⁻) following differentiation in co-cultures of Lin⁻CD117⁺ HSCs and OP9-DL1 cells. D Representative FACS plots and bar graphs of CD11b⁺ cells following co-culture differentiation of Lin⁻CD117⁺ HSCs and OP9-DL1 cells. Data represent mean ± SEM. n = 3, ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant vs. Ctrl