Fig. 1

Influenza virus-specific VNA titers: Virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) responses are summarized between drug-users and non-users for each of the three drug categories examined. The line within the box plots show medians (the values are written adjacent to the boxes), and the boxes show the interquartile range for the titer levels of H1N1- (a-c) and H3N2-specific (d-f) VNAs in sera. Top panels a, d show VNA titers for 11 samples from individuals on chronic Metformin use compared with 120 samples from non-users. Middle panels b, e show the titers for 68 and 63 samples, respectively, from individuals with or without a history of NSAIDs use and the bottom panels c, f show the titers for 42 samples from Statin users, compared with 89 samples from non-users. Pair-wise differences between the two cohorts in each of the six panels were performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test. Stars above boxes indicate significant differences * p-value ≤0.05, ** p-value ≤0.005