Fig. 5
Multifunctional (MF) and single-expressing (S) S. Typhi-specific CD4+ TEM responses in adults compared to elderly volunteers following Ty21a immunization. Net S. Typhi-specific CD4+ TEM responses were calculated using the FCOM function of Winlist and stratified into single-expressing (S) and MF responses. Comparison of TI LPMC S. Typhi-specific CD4+ TEM responses between adults (A- < 60 yrs.) and elderly (E- ≥ 60 yrs.) volunteers in (a) CD107a+, (b) INF-γ+, (c) TNF-α+, (d) IL-17A+, (e) IL-2+, and (f) MIP-1β + S and MF responses in Ty21a-vaccinated (red symbols) and unvaccinated (black symbols) volunteers with significant differences shown (*P < 0.05). Trends to exhibit significance values are indicated by their p-values. Horizontal black bars represent median values