Fig. 2
Transcriptomic alteration of chemokines and receptors in aged microglia and peripheral T cells. a Volcano plot depicting the differentially expressed receptor genes in aged CD8+ T cells compared to young CD8+ T cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs; |log2(fold change)| > 0.1, Bonferroni adjusted P-value < 0.05) were colored (red for upregulated DEGs and green for downregulated DEGs). b Bar plot showing the expression levels of Cxcr3, Ccr2, and Ccr5 in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from young and old mice. ***Bonferroni adjusted P-value ≤0.001 by Wilcoxon rank sum test. c Expression profiles of Ccr2 and Ccr5 in both young and aged CD8+ T cells are shown using the UMAP visualization approach. d Protein expression of CCR2 by splenic CD8+ memory T cells of four young (6–8 weeks old) and four aged (18 months old) male mice. *P = 0.0264, two-tailed Student’s t test. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. e Violin plots showing expression of Ccl3 and Ccl4 in young and old mouse brains. *** Bonferroni adjusted P-value ≤0.001 by Wilcoxon rank sum test. f Dot plot showing human CCL3 plasma levels. Linear regression is depicted with the colored line. Type II sums of squares were calculated and tested using the F-test. Q-values were estimated using the Benjamini–Hochberg approach. ***P = 4.36 × 10− 33; q = 1.14 × 10− 31). g Left: Representative confocal microscopic images of young and old SVZs stained for CCL3 and IBA-1. Nuclei are labeled with DAPI. Scale bars: 100 μm or 25 μm. Right: Quantification of CCL3 fluorescence in IBA1+ cells in four young (6–8 weeks old) and four aged (18 months old) male mice. ****P < 0.0001, two-tailed Student’s t test. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m.