Fig. 2From: The effect of metformin on influenza vaccine responses in nondiabetic older adults: a pilot trialAssessment of ex vivo cell-mediated vaccination responses. PBMCs were stimulated with live flu virus and cell-mediated responses were analyzed in the supernatants and lysates. Inducible Granzyme B (iGrB) levels were calculated in lysates by normalizing to total protein content and unstimulated normalized GrB levels. iGrB and IFNy/IL-10 ratio are presented as fold change at given week post vaccination compared to pre-vaccination levels. No differences were observed in iGrB in response to influenza A) AVic/H3N2 or B) BLee strain or in IFNy/IL-10 responses to C) Avic/H3N2 or D) Blee strains. Statistical significance was calculated by two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Å Ãdák’s posthoc corrections and significance set at p < 0.05Back to article page