Fig. 5

Expression of activation and exhaustion markers in T cells. Co-receptors were evaluated from co-culture of CD4 or CD8 TLs in response to SARS-CoV2 peptides with autologous DCs previously treated with α1Thy. Bar and scatter plots graphs represent the expression of CD40L co-receptor CD8 total T cells (A) and PD1 co-receptor in CD4 T cells (B). Bar graphs describe the expression of each co-receptor in memory populations: In < 40 years’ group CD40L expression in Central Memory, Effector Memory and Terminally Differentiated Memory (CM, EM and TemRA, respectively) CD4 T-cells (C.1); PD1 expression in CM, EM and TemRA CD4 T-cells respectively (C.2); CD40L expression in CM, EM and TemRA, respectively in CD8 T-cells (C.3); PD1 expression in CM, EM and TemRA, respectively CD8 T-cells (C.4). In > 65 years’ group CD40L expression in CM, EM and TemRA, respectively CD4 T-cells (D.1); PD1 expression in CM, EM and TemRA CD4 T-cells respectively (D.2); CD40L expression in CM, EM and TemRA, respectively in CD8 T-cells (D.3); PD1 expression in CM, EM and TemRA, respectively CD8 T-cells (D.4) The medians with the interquartile ranges are shown. Ex-vivo: Ex-vivo condition; UT: Untreated condition; α1Thy: α1Thy treated condition; SARS-CoV2: SARS-CoV2 peptides stimulation condition; α1Thy + SARS-CoV2: α1Thy treated and SARS-CoV2 peptides stimulation condition. Each dot represents an individual. Orange dots represent < 40 years (n = 18) and > 65 years (n = 16) are highlighted with blue dots. Memory populations represented in green (CM), in violet (EM) and in rose (TEMRA). Wilcoxon test was used comparing condition in the same group and U-Mann Whitney test was used comparing condition between different group (ns: no statistically significative, θ: p > 0.05 and < 0.1 *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)