Fig. 5

Continuous gene expression changes of the aging mouse lung. Based on the linear regression model for N = 74 individual mouse genomic data sets (mice aged 6–130 weeks), we identified 77 and 13 genes, respectively whose expression increased or declined with age (p < 0.05, R2 > 0.4). We independently confirmed their regulation by evaluating single cell RNAseq data of alveolar and interstitial macrophages, interstitial fibroblast, dendritic cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells, B-cells as well as AT2, ciliated, club, goblet and NK cells. The full genes names are given in supplementary Table S4. Panel A1: Boxplot of 77 DEGs with increased expression over time. Panel A2: Boxplots of 37 uniquely upregulated genes coding for immune response. B Shown are individual immune gene regulation with age. The genes refer to the data shown in the boxplots of A2 for the various ontology terms. C Findings from RNAseq to independently validate the regulation of immune genes in resident cells of the lung. Panel D1: Boxplots of down-regulated genes. Panel D2: Boxplot for significantly down-regulated DEGs based on enriched gene ontology terms. E Regulation of 13 uniquely down-regulated genes with age. The genes refer to the data shown in the boxplots of D2 for the various ontology terms. Statistical testing is based on the “Kruskal–Wallis” test. *p < 0.05