Fig. 1

Short- and long-term differentiation of patient-derived M0-, M1- and M2- macrophages in autologous serum (AS). a Experimental design: Mo-MФs were differentiated for the total periods of 6 and 15 days with M-CSF, of which respectively the last 1 (short-term) and 10 days (long-term) were under differentiation to M1 (LPS), M2 (IL-4, IL10, TGF-β) and M0 (vehicle) macrophages in AS or FCS. b Morphology of the Mo-MФs after long-term differentiation in AS observed with a Zeiss Axiovert 10 inverted microscope and captured with a SWIFT Cam SC500 5.1 MP. Magnification = 25x, scale bar = 10 µm. Secretion levels of c IL-6 and d TNF-α; e TGF-β and f MCP-1 inflammatory markers in short-term and long-term differentiated Mo-MФs from patients with AD (n = 21) and CO (n = 16) in AS. Effect of AS vs. FCS on short-term and long-term g M0, h M1 and i M2 differentiated macrophages from patients with AD (n = 21) and CO (n = 16). Dots represent individual participant values. c-f Closed bars and symbols represent M0 (light grey for short-term; dark grey for long-term), M1 (light blue for short-term; dark blue for long-term) and M2 (light orange for short-term; dark orange for long-term) macrophages respectively. g-i Closed bars and symbols represent M0 (grey with pattern for FCS; without pattern for AS), M1 (blue with pattern for FCS; without pattern for AS) and M2 (orange with pattern for FCS; without pattern for AS) macrophages respectively. The Friedman ANOVA test or Wilcoxon signed rank test (paired) was used to compare within-group differences. Significant values of ANOVA tests were then subjected to Dunn's multiple comparison test with Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance was determined at the p ≤ 0.05 level unless a Bonferroni adjustment was required for multiple comparisons (p = 0.0167 (p/n, assuming n = 3 comparisons))