Fig. 4
Effects of Bb, Lp, and LB on the myogenesis gene expression in the GA muscle of aged mice. a Effects on MuRF-1, MAFbx, p16, p-FOXO3a, FOXO3a, p-p65, p65, and β-actin expression, assessed by immunoblotting. b Effects on NF-κB+/CD11c+ and MuRF1+ cell population, assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Effects on MuRF-1 (c), MAFbx/Atrogin-1 (d), TNF-α (e), and IL-6 expression (f), assessed by qPCR. Effects on PGC1α, MyHC, and β-action expression (g, immunoblotted), GA muscle cell size (h, H&E-stained), and MyHC-positive cell population (i, stained with immunofluorescence-stained). Effects on MyHC (j), MyHC 2 A (k), MyHC 2X (l), MyHC 2B (m), MyoG (n), PGC1a (o), SIRT1 (p), and mtDNA (q) expression (n), assessed by qPCR. Bb, Lp, and LB (1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) and Cr (75 mg/kg) were orally gavaged once a day (6 days in one week) for 8 weeks. Data are indicated as mean ± SD (n = 6). #p < 0.05 vs. Yg. *p < 0.05 vs. Vh/Ag