Fig. 3

VCAM-1 expression in mouse eyes with/without subretinal fibrosis (SRF). A, B Vcam-1 and Itga4 mRNA expressions in RPE-choroid from control and subretinal fibrosis mouse eyes, n = 4 eyes, **P < 0.01, unpaired t test. C Representative confocal images showing VCAM-1 (red) expression in the out-retina layer, RPE/choroid/sclera of eyes from normal and subretinal fibrosis (5 days after the second laser) eyes. D Dot/bar figure showing mean fluorescence intensity of VCAM-1 in the choroid of normal eyes, non-lesion site and fibrotic lesions of fibrosis eyes. Mean ± SD, n = 5 eyes. ***P < 0.001, One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison. E-I Representative confocal images from subretinal fibrosis samples (5 days after the second laser) co-stained for VCAM-1⁺ (red) and CD31⁺ (green) (E) or F4/80 (F), or Iba-1 (G), or NG2 (H), or α-SMA (I). High magnification view of the yellow rectangle area is shown in the right. (J) Representative confocal images showing VLA-4 (red) expression in F4/80+ (green) macrophages in subretinal fibrosis. Hollow arrowheads in (E) indicate VCAM-1⁺CD31⁻ cells in the fibrotic lesions. White arrowheads indicate cells that co-express VCAM-1⁺ and other markers. SRF = Subretinal fibrosis, Re = Retina, Ch = Choroid, Sc = Scleral