Fig. 5

Sodium lactate injection modulates microglia polarization phenotype in AlCl₃/D-gal-treated mice. A Representative images of Iba1 staining in various brain regions (magnification 400 ×). B Quantification of area covered by Iba1⁺ cells per image (n = 6 per group). C Double immunofluorescent staining of Arg1 (green) and Iba1 (red) of mice in each group (magnification 400 ×), arrows indicate Arg 1⁺ Iba 1⁺ cells. D Quantification of Arg1 Fluorescence intensity (normalized to Control group) and number of Iba1⁺Arg1⁺ cells (n = 5 per group). E Double immunofluorescent staining of iba1 (green) and Pan-Kla (red) of mice in each group (magnification 400 ×). F Double immunofluorescent staining of Iba1 (green) and H3K18la (red) of mice in each group (magnification 400 × , arrows indicate H3K18la⁺ Iba1⁺ cells). G Quantification of area covered by H3K18la⁺ per image (n = 6 per group) and the ratio of H3K18la⁺ Iba1⁺ cells/Iba1⁺ cells (n = 5 per group). Data are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns-not significant in B, D and G. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test