Fig. 4

Frailty scales are associated with levels of inflammageing markers. Here, we show the correlation of 29 markers with the outcomes of frailty in participants in the VITAL study (n = 317). In A we show that inflammageing markers were associated with frailty as an absolute measure, only corrected for sex. In B, we show the age and sex-corrected correlations of the markers with the outcomes of frailty. In C, we show age- and sex-corrected associations in 60 plus participants. The inflammageing markers are divided in groups A, B, C, and D based on their trajectory with age, see Fig. 2. Statistical significance of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient is indicated with *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ***: p < 0.0001. EQ-5D-3L: (EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Level), PF (physical functioning), HG (general health), SF-36 (short-form-36). The effect of age and sex was controlled in univariate correlation analyses using the blocked Spearman rank tests as implemented in the R package coin (v1.4.2) was used with the distribution parameter approximate (nresample = 100,000)