Table 1 Therapeutic potential of NAD+ in rodents ovarian aging
Study | Drugs | Concentration | Subjects | Administration pathway | Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lee et al., 2013 [251] | NAM | 20 mM | In vitro aging oocytes from 6–8 weeks old mice | Added to medium | cellular fragmentation, spindle elongation and astral microtubules↓ |
Wu et al., 2019 [236] | NA | 50 mM | Oocytes form 42–45 weeks old mice | Added to medium | NAD + content↑ROS levels and the frequency of spindle/chromosome defects↓ |
Riepsamen et al., 2015 [252] | NAM | 10 mM | Oocytes from 7–9 weeks old mice | Added to medium | Disrupted Cdk1 regulation↑ entry into meiosis I and the establishment of metaphase II arrest↓ |
Li et al., 2023 [247] | NR | 0.5 μM | Oocytes or embryos from 6-8 weeks old mice | Added to medium | MII oocytes quality and early embryonic development potential↑normal spindle/chromosome structure↑ mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS levels, DNA damage and apoptosis↓ |
Bertoldo et al., 2020 [8] | NMN | 1 μM | In vivo matured oocytes from 4 weeks or 12 months old mice | Added to medium | Blastocyst formation in embryos derived from aged female oocytes↑ blastocyst cell number in embryos derived from young female oocytes↑ |
Bertoldo et al., 2020 [8] | NMN | 0.5 or 2 g/L | 12 to 14 months old mice | Added to drinking water for 4 weeks | NADH levels in oocytes↑spindle assembly, ovulation rate, blastocyst formation rate↑the time to first live birth, the overall proportion of animals achieving live birth↑ |
Miao et al., 2020 [39] | NMN | 200 mg/kg per day | 64–68 weeks old mice | Intraperitoneally injection for 10 days | Aged mice oocytes quality, oocytes ovulation rate, fertilization ability↑ meiotic competency, normal spindle/chromosome structure and mitochondrial function↑ROS levels and apoptosis↓ |
Huang et al., 2022 [253] | NMN | 0.5 mg/mL per day | 40 weeks old mice | Added to drinking water for 20 weeks | Anti-aging and anti-inflammatory↑estrus cycle condition and endocrine function↑the number of primordial, primary, secondary, antral follicles and corpora luteum of ovary↑mitochondria biogenesis, autophagy level and proteases activity in granulosa cell↑ |
Yang et al., 2020 [40] | NR | 400 mg/kg per day | 8 month old mice | Added to drinking water for 4 months | The number of ovarian follicles, ovulatory potential and live birth rate↑ROS levels, spindle anomalies in aging oocytes↓mitochondrial function↑ |