Fig. 6

Senescent mesenchymal cell-derived SASP induces epithelial cell senescence and NK and T cell proliferation and activation in vitro. (a) Representative images of SA-β-Gal expression in TIG-118 cells with or without doxorubicin (DOXO)-treatment. (b) Quantification of SA-β-Gal-positive cells. (c) Relative mRNA expression of CDKN1A, CDKN2A, and NFKB2 in control and DOXO-induced senescent cells. (d) Protocols for in vitro study. (e) Quantification of LDH cytotoxicity and relative mRNA expression of CDKN2A, IL6, and SERPINE1 in HaCaT cells treated with control cell-derived conditioned media (Ctrl-CM) and senescent cell-derived conditioned media (SEN-CM). (f) Quantification of WST-8 proliferation and relative mRNA expression of MKI67, CD25, and CD69 in Ctrl-CM- and SEN-CM-treated Jurkat cells. (g) Quantification of WST-8 proliferation and relative mRNA expression of PRF1, GPR12, IFNA10, IFNA13, and IFNG in Ctrl-CM or SEN-CM-treated KHYG-1 cells. Data are presented as mean and standard error (SE) with dot plots. P-values were determined using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01)

NK, natural killer; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype