Inflammatory markers and physical frailty: towards clinical application

Immunity & Ageing

Table 1 Inflammatory markers of frailty according to different frailty criteria

Studies	Design	Population	Inflammation parameter of frailty using different measurements
Studies	Design	Population	FP	FI	Function	CGA	FRAIL	SF, EFS, GFI, G8, and TFI	SPPB
Hubbard 2009	Cross-sectional	> 75y, n = 110	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, Albumin	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, Albumin	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, Albumin	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
Ronning 2010	Cross-sectional	> 70y, n = 137	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, D-dimer	N/S	N/S	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, D-dimer	N/S	N/S	N/S
Collerton 2012	Cross-sectional	> 85y, n = 845	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, Albumin	IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, albumin, WBC, neutrophils	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
Chao 2015	Cross-sectional	~ 67.3y, n = 46	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	Albumin	None	N/S
Singer 2015	Nested case-control	> 18y, n = 395	IL-6, TNFR1, Leptin	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	TNFR1
Lu 2016	Cross-sectional	> 55y, n = 76	spg130, I-309, MCP-1, IL-6R, IL-2Ra	spg130, I-309, MCP-1, BCA-1, RANTES, Leptin	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
Hsu 2019	Longitudinal (3y)	> 75y, n = 901	IL-6, IL-8; Factor consisting of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-1Rα, G-CSF, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-7	IL-6, IL-8	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S
Welstead 2020	Longitudinal (12y)	~ 69.6y, n = 550	-	CRP, fibrinogen	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S	N/S

Abbreviations: FP, frailty phenotype; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CRP, C-reactive protein; BCA, B-cell attracting chemokines; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; spg130, soluble glycoprotein 130; RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; IFN, interferon; G-CSF, granulocyte colonystimulating factor; CGA, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; FRAIL, Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, Loss of weight; SF, Strawbridge Frailty questionnaire; EFS, Edmonton Frailty Scale; GFI, Groningen Frailty Indicator; G8, G8 questionnaire; TFI, Tilburg Frailty Indicator; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery

ISSN: 1742-4933