Fig. 2

Dysregulated innate immune cells in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Human monocytes were sub-grouped based on the relative expression of CD14 and CD16 into classical (CD14^brightCD16⁻), intermediate (CD14⁺CD16⁺), and nonclassical (CD14⁺CD16^bright) phenotypes. Data are shown as mean ± SE and scatter plots. Statistically significant differences are indicated: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s multiple comparison test)