Fig. 1

Activation of DCs and monocytes by SARS-CoV-2 in PBMCs as a function of age. PBMCs were stimulated with irradiated SARS-CoV-2 (IRR) virus for 24 h. The upregulation of HLA-DR and CD86 was determined using flow cytometry. (a) HLA-DR on gated CD14⁺ monocytes; (b) CD86 on gated monocytes; (c) HLA-DR on gated mDCs; (d) CD86 on gated mDCs; (e) HLA-DR on gated pDCs; (f) CD86 on gated pDCs. Mean + S.E. Young = 20; Mid-age-20; Aged = 20 subjects. The P value between unstimulated control and SARS-CoV-2-stimulated conditions in all age groups was calculated using a parametric paired t test; The P value comparing stimulated conditions of different aged groups was calculated using ordinary one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test