Fig. 5

Transcriptomic analysis in different age groups 24 h after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2. We performed total RNA-seq analyses of unstimulated and SARS-CoV-2-stimulated (24 h) PBMCs from young (Y), middle-aged (M) and aged (A) individuals. (a) Venn diagram depicting the number of common and unique genes changed in A stimulated vs. A unstimulated, M stimulated vs. M unstimulated and Y stimulated vs. Y unstimulated. Pathway analysis was done using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software. Bar graphs depict selected up- and downregulated pathways for (b) A stimulated vs. A unstimulated upregulated; (c) M stimulated vs. M unstimulated upregulated; (d) Y stimulated vs. Y unstimulated upregulated; (e) A stimulated vs. A unstimulated downregulated; (f) M stimulated vs. M unstimulated downregulated; (g) Y stimulated vs. Y unstimulated downregulated. Heatmaps show selected (h) upregulated and (i) downregulated pathways after comparative pathway analysis of the three age groups. N = A-4 stimulated and 4 unstimulated; M-9 stimulated and 9 unstimulated; Y-4 stimulated and 4 unstimulated. Fisher’s Exact Test is used by IPA to calculate significance in pathway analysis including comparative pathway analysis. Values below 1.3 are not significant