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Table 1 Descriptive data of participants at baseline (N = 672) a

From: Associations between circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA, inflammatory markers, and cognitive and physical outcomes in community dwelling older adults

 

Entire cohort

Demographics

 

 Participants, N (%)

672

 Age, mean (SD)

80.4 (7.2)

 Sex (Female), N (%)

544 (81.0)

 Race (white), N (%)

513 (76.3)

 Years of Education, mean (SD)

15.9 (3.5)

Cognitive testing

 

 Global cognitive function (t-score), mean (SD)

50 (10) (N = 607)

 Working memory

50 (10) (N = 606)

 Semantic memory

50 (10) (N = 600)

 Perceptual speed

50 (10) (N = 597)

 Perceptual orientation

50 (10) (N = 593)

 Episodic memory

50 (10) (N = 605)

Clinical Diagnosis at ccf-mtDNA Visit

 

 No cognitive impairment (NCI)

633 (94.2)

 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

17 (2.5)

 Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD)

18 (2.7)

Physical measures

 

 Frailty z-score, mean (SD) b

-0.07 (0.55) (N = 548)

 Grip strength (lbs), mean (SD)

46.1 (16.9) (N = 411)

 Gait speed (m/s), mean (SD)

0.64 (0.20) (N = 539)

 Motor gait z-score, mean (SD) c

1.02 (0.26) (N = 576)

 Motor composite z-score, mean (SD) d

1.00 (0.25) (N = 559)

CCF-mtDNA

 

 Short ccf-mtDNA (1000 copies/µl), mean (SD)

0.39 (0.29)

 Long ccf-mtDNA (1000 copies/µl), mean (SD)

0.16 (0.17)

Inflammatory markers

 

 C-Reactive Protein (µg/ml), mean (SD)

1.3 (0.8) (N = 658)

 sTNFR1(pg/ml), mean (SD)

7.4 (0.4) (N = 657)

 Tumor necrosis factor ⍺ (pg/ml), mean (SD)

1.5 (0.6) (N = 659)

 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml), mean (SD)

0.9 (0.6) (N = 659)

  1. Abbreviations: AD = Alzheimer disease; ccf-mtDNA = circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA; sTNFR1 = soluble Tumor necrosis factor ⍺ receptor 1
  2. Note that ccf-mtDNA variables and inflammatory markers were log-transformed
  3. aMissing data as follows: Global cognition: 62 (9.2%); Frailty: 122 (18%); Grip strength: 259 (38.5%); Gait speed: 130 (19.3%); Motor gait: (14.3%); Motor composite: 110 (16.4%)
  4. bFrailty is composite variable consisting of grip strength, timed walk, body mass index and fatigue. Larger values correspond to higher frailty
  5. cMotor gait is a z-standardized composite variable comprised of walking time, walking steps, turning time, and turning steps. Larger values correspond to less time and fewer steps to complete task
  6. dMotor composite score is calculated using the following: Purdue Pegboard Test, Finger-tapping test, Time to cover 8 feet, Number of steps required to cover 8 feet, 360 degree turn time, Number of steps to complete a 360 degree turn, Leg stand, Toe stand, Grip strength, Pinch strength. Larger values correspond to better functionality